INDIAN HISTORY - VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE:
Vijayanagara kindom was established
by Hari Hara and Bukka in 1336 on the banks of river Tungabhadra with the help
of vidyaranya. Harihara and Bukka
belongs to Sangama dynasty. It took
place during the period of Muhammad bin Tughluq. Vijayanagara king dom was ruled by four
dynasties. They were: Sangama dynasty,
Salava dynasty, Tuluva dynasty, Araviti dynasty. Devaraya II was most prominent among sangam
rulers. In 1347 Bahamani kingdom was
established. Bahamani and Vijayanagara
kingdoms fought each other for the possession of Raichur doab. After Sangama dynasty, Saluva dynasty ruled
Vijayanagara kingdom. After Saluva
dynasty Tuluva dynasty ruled Vijayanagara kingdom. The famous ruler Srikrishna Devaraya belongs
to Tuluva dynasty. He ascended the
throne in 1509 A.D and ruled upto 1529 A.D.
He defeated the rulers of Ummatur and Sivasamudram. The parts of Uayagiri, Kondavidu, Kondapalli,
Rajamandry were occupied by him. He
defeated Gajapatis of Orissa. He fought
with Bijapur Sultans for possessing control over Raichur doab. Drishnadevaraya wrote ‘Amuktamalyada’. During his reign Domingo paes, a portuguese
merchant, visited Vijayanagaram. During
the reign of Devaraya II Persian ambassador visited Vijayanagara kingdom.
Srikrishna Devaraya erected a pillar of victory at Simhachalam. The famous eight poets kinown as
Astadiggajuas were in the court of Srikrishnadevaraya. Among the Astadiggajas, Allasani Peddana,
Temali Ramakrishna were famous. Krishnadevaraya built Hajara Rama Swami Temple
In
1565 a fierce battle of Tallikota took place between Vijayanagara ruler
Ramaraya and Deccan Sultans i.e. Ahamadnagar, Bijapur and Golkonda
sultans. In this battle Ramaraya was defeated and Tirumalaraya fled
to Penugonda.
Administration:
The
Main features of administration of Vijayanagara kingdom are as follows.
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Land revenue was major source of income. It was 1/3rd of the produce.
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The empire consists provinces. Governors were
appointed as incharge of provinces.
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It was a centralized hereditary monarchy except
in cases of emergency.
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Army consisted of cavalry, infantry and
elephantry.
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The chief adviser of king was prime minister.
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The main aim ofVijayanagara kings was protection
of Hinduism.
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They built Vital Swamy temple and Hazara
Ramaswamy temple.
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The foreigners who visited Vijayanagara were
Abdul Razzak, Nuniz, Nicolo Conte, Paes etc.