INDIAN HISTORY - RISE OF MAGADHA:
In 6th century B.C 16 kingdoms
called Mahajanapadas arose. Among them Magadha was
very powerful due to its geographical factors, natural resources etc. The 16
Mahajanapadas are: Anga, Magadha, Kasi, Vatsa, Kosala,
Avanti, vajji, Malla, Srsen, Gandhar, Kamboj,
Asmak. The main dynasties that
ruled Magadha
were: Haryanka dynasty, sisunaga dynasty, Nanda dynasty. The prominent rulers among Haryanka dynasty
that ruled Magadha
were: Bimbisara, Ajathashatru and Udayan.
The capital of Magadha
was first Girivajra or Rajgir. Later
udayin shifted the capital to Pataliputra.
Nanda dynasty was established by Mahanandin. But he was killed by Mahapamananda. Mahapadmananda established powerful empire
and got titles `Ekashatra` and `Ekarat`.
Dhanananda was last king in this dynasty. He was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya. Hatigumpha inscription mentioned that the
Kalingas were defeated by Nandas. Nandas
took away the statue of Jina as victory trophy.
Pataliputra had the largest city
area in the second urbanization of India..